The atom is the elementary brick of matter. Its nucleus defines its identity, and its electron cloud assures its stability.

Laws of geometrical optics model the formation of an image through a lens.

Various methods can help identifying a chemical.

The concept of motion is relative, but can be characterised by a velocity vector and modified by force vectors.

Chemistry is not only about looking and identifying, it is also about counting and proportions.

Some basics on electricity are needed to use sensors efficiently

Matter can transform in multiple ways.

Papers and corrections